Surprisingly, although the textbooks are filled with pages of vocabulary and unnecessary detail, their treatment of some fundamentally important concepts is                 .

In the 1980s, the press release announcing the discovery of a new fundamental particle turned a once                 hypothesis of interest to no more than a few hundred physicists into an undisputed fact of global significance.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on this passage

Calculating hydroelectric plants' environmental impact is not simple. Dam building requires steel and cement, the manufacture of which entails greenhouse gas emissions. Estimates for these emissions are relatively straightforward to make and show that the consequences are small compared to the benefits of generating greenhouse gas-free hydroelectric power. But more difficult-to-estimate greenhouse gas contributions occur during the plants operation. The submerging of large areas behind dams results in the microbial decomposition of vegetation, which produces substantial quantities of methane—a potent greenhouse gas. Furthermore,
eradicating vegetation eliminates the consumption of the greenhouse gas CO2 by that vegetation. Estimating amounts of these gases is difficult, and amounts vary depending upon the specific location, terrain, and power intensity of the dam with its associated lake.

In the 1980s, the press release announcing the discovery of a new fundamental particle turned a once                 hypothesis of interest to no more than a few hundred physicists into an undisputed fact of global significance.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on this passage

As a classic text on alchemy, George Ripley's Compound of Alchemy (1471) has received substantial scholarly attention, primarily focused on the English print editions published by Ralph Rabbards (1591). However, the work known to sixteenth-and early seventeenth-century Europe was not the Compound known today from Rabbards' editions. Rabbards strived to produce the fullest possible version of the text, including two prefatory poems, "Prologue" and "Preface", and an associated dedicatory poem. Yet no authoritative master text" dates from Ripley's lifetime in which all of these elements are preserved. Rather, the Compound’s text was adapted over a century of circulation in the form of multiple copies, later reassembled by diligent scribes-a process that continued even after the work's translation into Latin and European vernaculars.

The advance of medical knowledge is not always (i)                ; on the contrary, it is often the result of (ii)                . In the 1930s, groups of doctors began to question long-enshrined treatments such as bleeding, cupping, and purging, eventually discovering that many ailments were effectively treated by nothing more than bed rest, nutrition, and observation. This news must have been (iii)            to those with a vested interest in the medical orthodoxy of the time.

It's a sign of John Dramani Mahama's maturity as a writer that he is willing to consider his country's future so____: his memoir is appealingly honest, given to clear-eyed assessments rather than exaggerated accounts of achievements. 

The twentieth-century Chinese painter Fu Baoshi was an impassioned advocate of ink-and-brush painting, a form that was often dismissed by his contemporaries as                 , a relic of the old imperialist elite.

Artist Uzo Egonu^’s transition from a cultural agenda to a political one was less premeditated than it was                 , imposed upon him by the political turmoil, in the late 1960s. in his native Nigeria.